Ihe ntụgharị ugboro ugboro bụ nkà na ụzụ kwesịrị ịma mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ eletrik. Iji ihe ntụgharị ugboro ugboro iji chịkwaa moto bụ usoro a na-ahụkarị na njikwa eletriki; ụfọdụ chọkwara ịma nka n'iji ha eme ihe.
1.Nke mbụ, gịnị kpatara eji ntụgharị ugboro ugboro iji chịkwaa moto?
The moto bụ ihe inductive ibu, nke na-egbochi mgbanwe nke ugbu a na ga-emepụta nnukwu mgbanwe na ugbu a mgbe na-amalite.
Ihe inverter bụ ngwaọrụ na-achịkwa ike eletrik nke na-eji arụ ọrụ mgbanyụ nke ngwaọrụ semiconductor ike iji gbanwee ọkụ eletrik ugboro ugboro ka ọ bụrụ ugboro ọzọ. Ọ na-abụkarị nke sekit abụọ, otu bụ isi sekit (modul rectifier, electrolytic capacitor na inverter modul), na nke ọzọ bụ akara sekit (mgbanwe ọkụ ọkọnọ mbadamba, akara sekit osisi).
Iji belata mmalite nke ugbu a nke moto, karịsịa moto nwere ike dị elu, ike ka ukwuu, na-amalite ịmalite ugbu a. Ịmalite oke ugbu a ga-eweta ibu dị ukwuu na netwọk ike na nkesa. Ihe ntụgharị ugboro ugboro nwere ike dozie nsogbu mmalite a ma kwe ka moto malite nke ọma n'emeghị ka ọ malite ịmalite ugbu a.
Ọrụ ọzọ nke iji ihe ntụgharị ugboro ugboro bụ ịhazigharị ọsọ nke moto. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, ọ dị mkpa ijikwa ọsọ nke moto ahụ iji nweta nrụpụta nrụpụta ka mma, yana ụkpụrụ ọsọ ọsọ nke ugboro ugboro bụ ihe kacha pụta ìhè ya. Ihe ntụgharị ugboro ugboro na-achịkwa ọsọ moto site n'ịgbanwe ugboro nke ọkụ.
2.Gịnị bụ usoro nchịkwa inverter?
Ụzọ ise a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka moto njikwa inverter bụ ndị a:
A. Usoro nchịkwa Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM).
E ji mara ya dị mfe njikwa sekit Ọdịdị, ọnụ ala, ezi n'ibu ike ike, na ike izute ezigbo ọsọ iwu chọrọ nke izugbe nnyefe. A na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mpaghara dị iche iche nke ụlọ ọrụ.
Otú ọ dị, na obere oge, n'ihi obere mmepụta voltaji, a na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu site na nkwụsị nke stator resistance voltaji, nke na-ebelata oke mmepụta ihe.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, njirimara ọrụ ya adịghị ike dị ka nke DC Motors, na ike ike ike ya na nhazi ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ adịghị mma. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, arụmọrụ nke usoro ahụ adịghị elu, usoro nchịkwa na-agbanwe na ibu ahụ, nzaghachi na-adịghị mma na-adị ngwa ngwa, ọnụọgụ nke moto na-arụ ọrụ adịghị elu, na arụmọrụ na-ebelata na obere ọsọ n'ihi ịdị adị nke stator resistance na inverter nwụrụ anwụ. mmetụta mpaghara, na nkwụsi ike na-akawanye njọ. Ya mere, ndị mmadụ amụtala usoro ọsọ ọsọ na-agbanwe mgbanwe vector.
B. Voltage Space Vector (SVPWM) Usoro njikwa
Ọ dabeere na mkpokọta ọgbọ mmetụta nke atọ-phase waveform, na nzube nke ịbịaruo ezigbo okirikiri okirikiri magnetik trajectory nke moto ikuku ọdịiche, na-amụ a atọ-phase modulation waveform n'otu oge, na ịchịkwa ya n'ụzọ. nke polygon edere nke dị nso gburugburu.
Mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe, a na-emeziwanye ya, ya bụ, iwebata nkwụghachi ụgwọ ugboro ugboro iji kpochapụ njehie nke njikwa ọsọ ọsọ; na-atụle njupụta njupụta site na nzaghachi iji kpochapụ mmetụta nke nkwụsị stator na obere ọsọ ọsọ; na-emechi voltaji mmepụta na loop dị ugbu a iji melite izi ezi na nkwụsi ike dị ike. Otú ọ dị, e nwere ọtụtụ njikọ sekit njikwa, ọ dịghịkwa mgbanwe mgbanwe ọ bụla na-ewebata, n'ihi ya, arụ ọrụ usoro ahụ emebeghị ka ọ dịkwuo mma.
C. Usoro njikwa vector (VC).
Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ ime moto AC ka ọ bụrụ moto DC, ma jikwaa ọsọ na ebe ndọta n'onwe ya. Site n'ịchịkwa rotor flux, a na-emebi stator ugbu a iji nweta ihe ndị na-eme ihe ike na magnetik, a na-ejikwa mgbanwe nhazi iji nweta njikwa orthogonal ma ọ bụ decoupled. Iwebata usoro njikwa vector dị mkpa na-eme oge. Otú ọ dị, n'ime ngwa bara uru, ebe ọ bụ na rotor flux siri ike ịhụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi, njirimara usoro na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na moto parameters, na ntụgharị ntụgharị nke vector eji na usoro njikwa moto DC kwekọrọ na ya dị mgbagwoju anya, na-eme ka o sie ike maka n'ezie. mmetụta nchịkwa iji nweta nsonaazụ nyocha dị mma.
D. Direct Torque Control (DTC) Ụzọ
N'afọ 1985, Prọfesọ DePenbrock nke Mahadum Ruhr dị na Jamanị buru ụzọ tụpụta teknụzụ ngbanwe ugboro ugboro ozugbo. Nkà na ụzụ a edoziwo nke ọma adịghị ike nke njikwa vector nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, ma jiri echiche nchịkwa ọhụrụ mepụta ngwa ngwa, nhazi usoro dị nkenke na nke doro anya, yana ọmarịcha ọrụ siri ike na nke kwụ ọtọ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, etinyere teknụzụ a nke ọma na traction AC na-ebufe ụgbọ ala eletrik dị elu. Njikwa torque Direct na-enyocha ozugbo ụdị mgbakọ na mwepụ nke AC Motors na sistemu nhazi stator ma na-ejikwa magnetik flux na torque nke moto. Ọ dịghị mkpa ka ha nhata AC Motors na DC Motors, si otú ahụ na-ewepụ ọtụtụ mgbagwoju mgbako na vector ntụgharị mgbanwe; ọ dịghị mkpa iṅomi njikwa nke DC Motors, ma ọ bụ na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ọ dị mfe ime ka mgbakọ na mwepụ nke AC Motors maka decoupling.
E. Matrix AC-AC usoro njikwa
Ntugharị ugboro ugboro VVVF, ntụgharị njikwa vector, na ntugharị ugboro ugboro nke torque bụ ụdị ngbanwe ugboro AC-DC-AC niile. Ọdịmma ha na-adịghị mma bụ ihe ntinye ike dị ala, nnukwu ugbu a harmonic, nnukwu nchekwa nchekwa ike achọrọ maka sekit DC, na ike nrụpụta enweghị ike inyeghachi ya na grid ike, ya bụ, ọ nweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ na nkeji anọ.
N'ihi nke a, matriks AC-AC ngbanwe ugboro wee bụrụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ntughari ugboro ugboro matrix AC-AC na-ewepụ njikọ etiti DC, ọ na-ewepụ nnukwu ike electrolytic capacitor dị oke ọnụ. Ọ nwere ike nweta ihe ike nke 1, ntinye sinusoidal dị ugbu a ma nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na quadrant anọ, na usoro ahụ nwere ike dị elu. Ọ bụ ezie na nkà na ụzụ a akabeghị aka, ọ ka na-adọta ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta ka ha mee nyocha miri emi. Ihe kachasị mkpa ya abụghị ijikwa ugbu a n'ụzọ na-edoghị anya, flux magnetik na ọnụọgụ ndị ọzọ, kama iji torque ozugbo dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-achịkwa iji nweta ya.
3.Olee otú onye ntụgharị ugboro ugboro si ejikwa moto? Kedu ka ejikọtara ha abụọ?
The wiring nke inverter iji chịkwaa moto bụ dịtụ mfe, yiri wiring nke contactor, na atọ isi ike ahịrị abanye na mgbe ahụ na-apụ na moto, ma ntọala ndị ọzọ mgbagwoju anya, na ụzọ ịchịkwa inverter nwekwara. dị iche.
Nke mbụ, maka ọnụ ụzọ inverter, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị na ụzọ wiwi dị iche iche, ọnụ ụzọ wiring nke ọtụtụ inverters adịghị iche. A na-ekewakarị n'ime ntinye ntụgharị ihu na azụ, nke a na-eji chịkwaa mmalite na azụ mmalite nke moto. A na-eji ọdụ nzaghachi nye nzaghachi ọnọdụ moto arụ ọrụ,gụnyere ugboro ole arụ ọrụ, ọsọ, ọnọdụ mmejọ, wdg.
Maka njikwa nhazi ọsọ ọsọ, ụfọdụ ndị na-atụgharị ugboro ugboro na-eji potentiometer, ụfọdụ na-eji bọtịnụ ozugbo, nke a na-achịkwa ha niile site na wiwi anụ ahụ. Ụzọ ọzọ bụ iji netwọk nkwurịta okwu. Ọtụtụ ndị ntụgharị ugboro ugboro na-akwado njikwa nzikọrịta ozi. Enwere ike iji eriri nkwurịta okwu na-achịkwa mmalite na nkwụsị, ntụgharị na ntụgharị ntụgharị, mgbanwe ọsọ ọsọ, wdg nke moto. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-ebukwa ozi nzaghachi site na nzikọrịta ozi.
4.What na-eme na mpụta torque nke moto mgbe ya rotational ọsọ (ugboro) mgbanwe?
Ntụgharị mmalite na oke ike mgbe onye ntụgharị ugboro na-ebugharị dị obere karịa mgbe ọkụ na-ebu ya ozugbo.
Moto ahụ nwere mmetụta mmalite na osooso dị ukwuu mgbe ọkụ na-enye ya, mana mmetụta ndị a na-esiwanye ike ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-emegharị ugboro ugboro. Ịmalite ozugbo site na ọkụ ọkụ ga-emepụta nnukwu mmalite mmalite. Mgbe a na-eji ihe ntụgharị ugboro ugboro, voltaji mmepụta na ugboro ugboro nke ntụgharị ugboro ugboro na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbakwunye na moto, ya mere moto na-amalite ugbu a na mmetụta dị ntakịrị. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ike nke moto na-emepụta na-ebelata ka ugboro ole na-ebelata (ọsọ na-ebelata). A ga-akọwa n'ezie data nke mbelata n'ụfọdụ ntuziaka ntụgharị ugboro ugboro.
Emebere moto a na-emebu ma rụpụta ya maka voltaji 50Hz, a na-enyekwa ike ya n'ime oke voltaji a. Ya mere, nhazi ọsọ n'okpuru ugboro ole a na-edepụta ka a na-akpọ nhazi ọsọ ọsọ torque mgbe niile. (T=Te, P<=Pe)
Mgbe mpụta ugboro nke ihe ngbanwe ugboro karịrị 50Hz, ike nke moto na-emepụta na-ebelata na mmekọrịta kwụ n'ahịrị n'ụzọ dabara na ugboro ole.
Mgbe moto na-agba ọsọ na ugboro karịa 50Hz, a ga-atụle nha nke ibu moto iji gbochie ezughị oke mmepụta moto.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ike nke moto na-emepụta na 100Hz na-ebelata ruo ihe dịka 1/2 nke ike na-emepụta na 50Hz.
Ya mere, nhazi ọsọ n'elu ugboro ole a na-egosi na a na-akpọ ụkpụrụ iwu ọsọ ike mgbe niile. (P=Ue*Ie).
5.Application nke ntụgharị ugboro ugboro n'elu 50Hz
Maka otu moto a kapịrị ọnụ, voltaji e depụtara ya na nke agbagoro ugbu a na-adị mgbe niile.
Ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na e gosiri ụkpụrụ nke inverter na moto bụ ma: 15kW/380V/30A, moto nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ n'elu 50Hz.
Mgbe ọsọ bụ 50Hz, voltaji mmepụta nke inverter bụ 380V na nke ugbu a bụ 30A. N'oge a, ọ bụrụ na mmepụta ugboro na-abawanye na 60Hz, kacha mmepụta voltaji na ugbu a nke inverter nwere ike ịbụ 380V/30A. N'ụzọ doro anya, ike mmepụta na-anọgide na-agbanweghị agbanwe, ya mere anyị na-akpọ ya iwu ọsọ ọsọ ike mgbe niile.
Kedu ka torque dị n'oge a?
N'ihi na P = wT (w; angular velocity, T: torque), ebe P na-anọgide na-agbanweghị na w na-abawanye, ike ga-ebelata ya.
Anyị nwekwara ike ile ya anya site n'akụkụ ọzọ:
Voltage stator nke moto bụ U = E + I * R (M dị ugbu a, R bụ nguzogide eletrọnịkị, yana E nwere ike ime ya).
Enwere ike ịhụ na mgbe mụ na U na-agbanweghị, E anaghị agbanwekwa.
Na E = k * f * X (k: na-adịgide adịgide; f: ugboro; X: magnetik flux), yabụ mgbe f gbanwere site na 50-> 60Hz, X ga-ebelata ya.
Maka moto, T = K * I * X (K: na-adịgide adịgide; I: ugbu a; X: magnetik flux), ya mere torque T ga-ebelata ka magnetik flux X na-ebelata.
N'otu oge ahụ, mgbe ọ na-erughị 50Hz, ebe ọ bụ na I * R dị ntakịrị, mgbe U / f = E / f adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, magnetik flux (X) bụ mgbe niile. Torque T dabara na nke ugbu a. Nke a bụ ya mere a na-ejikarị ikike nke inverter na-eme ihe iji kọwaa oke ibu ya (torque), a na-akpọkwa ya ụkpụrụ iwu ọsọ ọsọ na-adịgide adịgide (nke dị ugbu a na-agbanwe agbanwe -> oke torque na-agbanwe agbanwe)
Mmechi: Mgbe mmepụta ugboro nke inverter na-abawanye site n'elu 50Hz, mpụta mmepụta nke moto ga-ebelata.
6.Ihe ndị ọzọ metụtara ihe mmepụta ihe
Ọgbọ na-ekpo ọkụ na ikpo ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpebi ikike mmepụta nke ugbu a nke inverter, si otú ahụ na-emetụta ikike mmepụta nke onye ntụgharị.
1. Ugboro ugboro: Ụdị akara ugbu a nke akara na inverter bụ n'ozuzu uru nke nwere ike hụ na mmepụta na-aga n'ihu na oge kachasị elu na okpomọkụ kachasị elu. Mbelata ugboro nke ebu agaghị emetụta moto ugbu a. Otú ọ dị, a ga-ebelata mmepụta okpomọkụ nke ihe ndị ahụ.
2. Ambient okpomọkụ: Dị nnọọ ka inverter nchebe ugbu a uru agaghị abawanye mgbe ambient okpomọkụ a chọpụtara na-dịtụ ala.
3. Elu: Mmụba nke elu na-enwe mmetụta na nkwụsị ọkụ na ịrụ ọrụ mkpuchi. N'ozuzu, enwere ike ileghara ya anya n'okpuru 1000m, na ikike nwere ike ibelata 5% maka 1000 mita ọ bụla n'elu.
7.What bụ ugboro kwesịrị ekwesị maka ntụgharị ugboro ugboro iji chịkwaa moto?
Na nchịkọta dị n'elu, anyị amụtala ihe kpatara eji eji inverter na-achịkwa moto, ma ghọtakwa otú onye ntụgharị ahụ si ejikwa moto. The inverter na-achịkwa moto, nke nwere ike ichikota dị ka ndị a:
Nke mbụ, onye ntụgharị na-achịkwa voltaji mmalite na ugboro ole nke moto iji nweta mmalite dị mma na nkwụsị dị mma;
Nke abụọ, a na-eji inverter emezigharị ọsọ nke moto ahụ, a na-edozikwa ọsọ moto site n'ịgbanwe ugboro ole.
Moto magnet na-adịgide adịgide nke Anhui MingtengA na-achịkwa ngwaahịa ndị inverter. N'ime oke ibu nke 25% -120%, ha nwere arụmọrụ dị elu na oke ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ karịa moto asynchronous nke otu nkọwa, ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na-azọpụta ike.
Ndị ọkachamara ọkachamara anyị ga-ahọrọ inverter dabara adaba dị ka ọnọdụ ọrụ akọwapụtara na mkpa ndị ahịa anya iji nweta njikwa moto nke ọma ma bulie arụmọrụ nke moto ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, ngalaba ọrụ nka anyị nwere ike iduzi ndị ahịa ka ha wụnye na debug inverter, ma ghọta ihe na-esochi na ọrụ niile tupu na mgbe ire ere.
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Oge nzipu: Sep-09-2024